Judicial accountability is a foundational requirement of constitutional democracy. While judicial independence safeguards courts from external pressures, accountability ensures that judicial power is exercised transparently, ethically, and in accordance with constitutional values. Public trust in the judicial system depends upon the delicate balance between these two principles. This article examines the concept of judicial accountability, its theoretical foundations, constitutional dimensions, and institutional mechanisms, with particular reference to India and comparative constitutional practices. It argues that strengthening judicial accountability through transparent processes, ethical standards, and institutional reforms is essential for reinforcing public confidence in the judiciary without undermining judicial independence.