Climate change is increasingly recognized as one of the most important drivers of biodiversity change worldwide. Birds are particularly sensitive to environmental variations because their life cycles, including breeding and feeding behaviour, are closely associated with climatic conditions. The Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus), the national bird of India, is widely distributed across forests, agricultural landscapes, and rural ecosystems throughout the country. Although the species is currently categorized as “Least Concern,” recent studies indicate that environmental changes may influence its behaviour, habitat use, and reproductive ecology. Reproductive activities in birds are strongly governed by climatic factors such as rainfall patterns, temperature fluctuations, vegetation growth, and food availability. In India, the breeding season of the Indian peafowl generally coincides with the monsoon period when ecological conditions are favourable for reproduction and chick survival (Yogeshwari & Varunprasath, 2020). However, increasing climatic variability, irregular rainfall patterns, and habitat modification may disrupt these ecological relationships. This review synthesizes recent research (2020–2026) focusing on the reproductive ecology of Pavo cristatus in India and discusses how climate change may influence breeding behaviour, nesting success, and population dynamics. The review also highlights important research gaps and emphasizes the need for long-term ecological monitoring and conservation strategies to ensure the sustainability of peafowl populations in changing environmental conditions.