Ransomware has emerged as one of the most critical cyber security threats in recent years, causing significant financial and operational damage to individuals, organizations, and government institutions. Ransomware is a type of malicious software that encrypts a victim’s files or blocks access to systems until a ransom payment is made. With the rapid growth of digital technologies and internet usage, ransomware attacks have become more sophisticated and difficult to detect. This study focuses on analyzing various ransomware detection and prevention techniques used in modern cyber security environments. The research explores different detection approaches such as signature-based detection, behavior-based analysis, and anomaly detection methods that help identify malicious activities at an early stage. In addition, the study discusses several preventive strategies including data backup, firewall protection, multi-factor authentication, software updates, and user awareness to reduce the risk of ransomware attacks. By evaluating these techniques, the study highlights effective methods that can strengthen cyber security defenses and minimize the impact of ransomware threats. The findings of this research emphasize the importance of implementing proactive security mechanisms to protect sensitive data and ensure the safety of digital systems.