Advances in Tuberculosis Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management: A Comprehensive Review

V, Sulochana; M, Madhumithra; I, Manibharathi G

doi:https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsmt.v2i3.374

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ADVANCES IN TUBERCULOSIS DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT, AND MANAGEMENT: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

AUTHORS:

Sulochana V

Madhumithra M

Manibharathi G I

Mentor

Nandhini S3 , , Dr. Rathinavel G

Affiliation

Department of Pharmacology, K S Rangasamy college of Pharmacy, Tiruchengode, Namakkal, 637 215, Tamil Nadu, India.

DOI: 10.55041/ijsmt.v2i3.374

CC BY 4.0 License:

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a leading global infectious disease, particularly affecting low- and middle-income countries. Despite the availability of effective treatments, TB continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality due to challenges such as drug resistance, diagnostic delays, and socioeconomic barriers. This review provides a comprehensive overview of TB pathogenesis, immunology, diagnostics, treatment strategies, and emerging innovations. Advances in molecular diagnostics, imaging, and biomarker-based tests have improved early detection and disease monitoring, while new drug regimens and host-directed therapies offer hope against drug-resistant TB. Digital health, AI-driven diagnostics, point-of-care tests, and novel vaccines are shaping the future of TB control. Ethical and policy considerations, including patient-centered care, informed consent, and global health equity, remain critical for effective implementation. The review highlights both progress and persistent gaps, emphasizing the need for integrated strategies to reduce TB burden worldwide.

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This article has undergone plagiarism screening and double-blind peer review. Editorial policies have been followed. Authors retain copyright under CC BY-NC 4.0 license. The research complies with ethical standards and institutional guidelines.

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