India has long been recognized for its rich tradition of religious diversity, encompassing major faiths such as Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, and Jainism. This study examines the dynamic relationship between religious pluralism and social cohesion in the Indian context. It explores how diverse religious identities coexist within a shared socio-cultural framework and contribute to national integration, while also analyzing the challenges posed by communal tensions, political mobilization, and socio-economic disparities. Drawing on secondary data, policy reports, and sociological perspectives, the study highlights that pluralism in India is not merely tolerance but an active engagement with diversity through constitutional values, secularism, and democratic practices. At the same time, instances of religious polarization and conflict reveal underlying structural inequalities and the need for inclusive governance. The findings suggest that strengthening interfaith dialogue, promoting inclusive education, and ensuring equitable development are crucial for sustaining social harmony. The paper concludes that religious pluralism, when supported by strong institutional frameworks and cultural mutual respect, serves as a vital foundation for social cohesion and national unity in India.