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International Journal of Science, Strategic Management and Technology

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ISSN: 3108-1762 (Online)
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THE PARADOX OF ONLINE FREE SPEECH: CONSTITUTIONAL GUARANTEES VS DIGITAL GOVERNANCE

AUTHORS:
Rajrita Saha
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CC BY 4.0 License:
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract

The Indian Constitution's Article 19(1)(a) guarantees the right to freedom of speech, which is essential for running a democracy. The digital age has brought about changes in how speech operates, covers, and impacts people, leading to issues related to legal and constitutional matters. But it has also made possible falsehoods, vile language, cyberbullying and threats to national security.' This article investigates how freedom of speech is being protected in the digital age, with a particular emphasis on the legal constraints provided by Article 19(2) of the constitution. It also examines the challenges that governments face in managing online content without violating fundamental rights and reviewing key court rulings such as Shreya Singhal v. Uttar Pradesh. The paper examines the Union of India and scrutinizes laws, including the Information Technology Act, 2000.

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Saha, R. (2026). The Paradox of Online Free Speech: Constitutional Guarantees Vs Digital Governance. International Journal of Science, Strategic Management and Technology, 02(05). https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsmt.v2i5.023

Saha, Rajrita. "The Paradox of Online Free Speech: Constitutional Guarantees Vs Digital Governance." International Journal of Science, Strategic Management and Technology, vol. 02, no. 05, 2026, pp. . doi:https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsmt.v2i5.023.

Saha, Rajrita. "The Paradox of Online Free Speech: Constitutional Guarantees Vs Digital Governance." International Journal of Science, Strategic Management and Technology 02, no. 05 (2026). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsmt.v2i5.023.

References
1.Constitutional & Statutory Sources

Constitution of India, 1950, Article 19(1)(a) and Article 19(2).

Information Technology Act, 2000.

Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021.

Indian Penal Code, 1860 (relevant provisions on hate speech).

2.Case Laws

Romesh Thappar v. State of Madras

Bennett Coleman & Co. v. Union of India

Shreya Singhal v. Union of India

Anuradha Bhasin v. Union of India

Faheema Shirin v. State of Kerala

Brandenburg v. Ohio

Handyside v. United Kingdom

3.Books

P. Jain, Indian Constitutional Law, LexisNexis.

N. Shukla, Constitution of India, Eastern Book Company.

M. Seervai, Constitutional Law of India.

Gautam Bhatia, Offend, Shock or Disturb: Free Speech under the Indian Constitution.

 
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✓ All ethical standards met
This article has undergone plagiarism screening and double-blind peer review. Editorial policies have been followed. Authors retain copyright under CC BY-NC 4.0 license. The research complies with ethical standards and institutional guidelines.
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