The rapid evolution of digital infrastructure has significantly increased the attack surface of modern organizations, making traditional perimeter-based security models increasingly ineffective. With the rise of cloud computing, remote work, and distributed networks, the assumption that internal networks are inherently secure no longer holds true. This paper explores the concept of Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA), a security framework that operates on the principle of “never trust, always verify.” Unlike conventional approaches, Zero Trust continuously validates users, devices, and applications before granting access to resources. The study examines the core components, working mechanisms, and practical implementation of ZTA in real-world environments. It also reviews existing literature and industry practices to highlight the strengths and limitations of this model. Furthermore, the paper identifies key challenges such as integration complexity, performance overhead, and user experience concerns, while also discussing emerging opportunities in automation, artificial intelligence, and adaptive security systems. A conceptual model of a Zero Trust-based system is proposed, focusing on layered security, identity verification, and continuous monitoring. The findings suggest that while Zero Trust is not a one-size-fits-all solution, it provides a robust foundation for addressing modern cybersecurity threats when implemented with proper planning and technological support.