Industrialization, urbanization and poor waste management have led to environmental pollution which has emerged as a major global concern requiring the development of sustainable and eco-friendly remediation strategies. In this sense, biochar from agricultural residues has been shown to be a promising material for environmental management. The pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse, an abundant by-product of the sugar industry, provides a promising opportunity for the production of inexpensive and renewable biochar feedstock. This review highlights the production, physicochemical properties and environmental applications of sugarcane bagasse biochar for pollution mitigation and sustainability enhancement. Biochar has high porosity, large surface area, functional groups, mineral content and aromatic carbon structure that are important structural and surface properties making it very efficient for different environmental applications . Its role in carbon sequestration is particularly important, with the stable carbon matrix of biochar helping to store carbon for the long-term and reduce greenhouse gases. Also, the sugarcane bagasse biochar is capable of improving soil fertility by increasing the retention of nutrients, water holding capacity, microbial activity and balancing the soil pH which contributes to sustainable agriculture. The review also discusses the adsorption capacity of sugarcane bagasse biochar in removing organic and inorganic pollutants such as dyes, heavy metals and toxic compounds from water and air. The factors influencing the adsorption performance such as pyrolysis temperature, surface modification, pH and contact time are also discussed. Recent advances of engineered and modified biochars for improved removal of pollutants are also reviewed. Sugarcane bagasse biochar is, in general, an environmentally sustainable, economically viable and multifunctional material with great potential for pollution control, waste valorization and climate change mitigation. Further research is needed to optimize the production processes and expand its large scale environmental applications.