GREENHOUSE GASES AND GLOBAL WARMING: ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH IMPACTS AND SUSTAINABLE MITIGATION STRATEGIES
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Department of Cardiology, SGPGIMS Lucknow (U.P.), India.
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Abstract
Background
Greenhouse gases (GHGs) naturally regulate the Earth’s climate; however, increasing human-caused emissions intensify the greenhouse effect, resulting in global warming and climate change. The major anthropogenic GHGs include carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and fluorinated gases.
Objective
This study examined the environmental and health consequences of rising GHG concentrations and evaluated sustainable, technological, and policy-based mitigation strategies to address this issue.
Methods
A structured narrative review and analytical approach were employed using peer-reviewed literature, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports, international environmental agreements, government publications; and authoritative health and environmental reports. Evidence was thematically analyzed across climate, ecosystems, resources, agriculture, health, mitigation; and adaptation.
Results
Increased GHG levels contribute to rising temperatures, altered precipitation, glacier loss, sea-level rise, biodiversity decline, water scarcity, and agricultural challenges. The associated health risks include heat-related illnesses, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, and food insecurity.
Conclusion
Addressing global warming requires integrated mitigation and adaptation supported by renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, conservation, technological innovation, effective governance, public participation, international cooperation; and interdisciplinary research.
Greenhouse gases (GHGs) naturally regulate the Earth’s climate; however, increasing human-caused emissions intensify the greenhouse effect, resulting in global warming and climate change. The major anthropogenic GHGs include carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and fluorinated gases.
Objective
This study examined the environmental and health consequences of rising GHG concentrations and evaluated sustainable, technological, and policy-based mitigation strategies to address this issue.
Methods
A structured narrative review and analytical approach were employed using peer-reviewed literature, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports, international environmental agreements, government publications; and authoritative health and environmental reports. Evidence was thematically analyzed across climate, ecosystems, resources, agriculture, health, mitigation; and adaptation.
Results
Increased GHG levels contribute to rising temperatures, altered precipitation, glacier loss, sea-level rise, biodiversity decline, water scarcity, and agricultural challenges. The associated health risks include heat-related illnesses, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, and food insecurity.
Conclusion
Addressing global warming requires integrated mitigation and adaptation supported by renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, conservation, technological innovation, effective governance, public participation, international cooperation; and interdisciplinary research.
Keywords
Greenhouse Gases Global Warming Climate Change Environmental Impacts Human Health Renewable Energy Sustainable Development Climate Mitigation.
Article Information
PUBLICATION DETAILS
Review Type:
Double-Blind Peer Review
License:
CC BY-NC 4.0
Volume/Issue:
Volume 02, Issue 8
Review Rounds:
2
Article Type:
Research Article
Publication Date:
Aug 24 2026
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Singh, D. K. & Ray, N. K. (2026). Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming: Environmental, Health Impacts and Sustainable Mitigation Strategies. International Journal of Science, Strategic Management and Technology, 02(8), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsmt.v2i8.061
Singh, Devendra, and Narendra Ray. "Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming: Environmental, Health Impacts and Sustainable Mitigation Strategies." International Journal of Science, Strategic Management and Technology, vol. 02, no. 8, 2026, pp. 1-9. doi:https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsmt.v2i8.061.
Singh, Devendra, and Narendra Ray. "Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming: Environmental, Health Impacts and Sustainable Mitigation Strategies." International Journal of Science, Strategic Management and Technology 02, no. 8 (2026): 1-9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsmt.v2i8.061.
References
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Deep, G. (2023). Climate change: The biggest challenge of this era. International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 8(1), 499–506. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2023.8.1.0086
Eldesouki, M. H., Rashed, A. E., & El-Moneim, A. A. (2023). A comprehensive overview of carbon dioxide, including emission sources, capture technologies, and conversion into value-added products. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 25(10), 3131–3148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-023-02599-9
Fouque, F., & Reeder, J. C. (2019). Impact of past and ongoing changes in climate and weather on vector-borne disease transmission: a look at the evidence. Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 8(1), 51. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-019-0565-1
Ganesan, S., Padmapriya, G., Anupama De Zoysa, A. S., & Omoikhoje, I. D. (2024). Waste Management Techniques for Sustainable Development: A Review (pp. 195–203). Bentham Science. https://doi.org/10.2174/9789815165586124020018
Gibbins, J. (2019). CCS: From an Oil Crisis to a Climate Crisis Response (pp. 559–562). Royal Society of Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1039/9781788012744-00559
Hasegawa, T., Fujimori, S., Ito, A., & Takahashi, K. (2023). Forest Types for Afforestation: Benefits for Carbon Sequestration and Food Systems under Stringent Climate Mitigation. In Research Square. American Journal of Experts. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3095494/v1
Ingram, W., Aslam, R., Shrestha, S., Andreae, M., Chaturvedi, V., Edmonds, J., Clarke, L., Guo, X., Wang, Y., Shi, J., Debangshi, U., Singh, J., Grover, M., Ali, S., Venkateswarlu, B., Hagemann, S., Gosling, S., Heinke, J., Voss, F., … Lettenmaier, D. (2025). CLIMATE RESILIENT STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURE: A REVIEW. Plant Archives, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.51470/plantarchives.2025.v25.no.1.130
Kaur, N. (2018). Climate Change: Causes, Health Effects, and Strategies. Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS), 12, 31. https://doi.org/10.51200/bjms.v12i.1376
Brogno, L., Barbano, F., Leo, L. S., & Di Sabatino, S. (2025). Review on heatwaves: a risk perspective. Environmental Research Letters, 20(6), 063004. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/add178
Deep, G. (2023). Climate change: The biggest challenge of this era. International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 8(1), 499–506. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2023.8.1.0086
Eldesouki, M. H., Rashed, A. E., & El-Moneim, A. A. (2023). A comprehensive overview of carbon dioxide, including emission sources, capture technologies, and conversion into value-added products. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 25(10), 3131–3148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-023-02599-9
Fouque, F., & Reeder, J. C. (2019). Impact of past and ongoing changes in climate and weather on vector-borne disease transmission: a look at the evidence. Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 8(1), 51. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-019-0565-1
Ganesan, S., Padmapriya, G., Anupama De Zoysa, A. S., & Omoikhoje, I. D. (2024). Waste Management Techniques for Sustainable Development: A Review (pp. 195–203). Bentham Science. https://doi.org/10.2174/9789815165586124020018
Gibbins, J. (2019). CCS: From an Oil Crisis to a Climate Crisis Response (pp. 559–562). Royal Society of Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1039/9781788012744-00559
Hasegawa, T., Fujimori, S., Ito, A., & Takahashi, K. (2023). Forest Types for Afforestation: Benefits for Carbon Sequestration and Food Systems under Stringent Climate Mitigation. In Research Square. American Journal of Experts. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3095494/v1
Ingram, W., Aslam, R., Shrestha, S., Andreae, M., Chaturvedi, V., Edmonds, J., Clarke, L., Guo, X., Wang, Y., Shi, J., Debangshi, U., Singh, J., Grover, M., Ali, S., Venkateswarlu, B., Hagemann, S., Gosling, S., Heinke, J., Voss, F., … Lettenmaier, D. (2025). CLIMATE RESILIENT STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURE: A REVIEW. Plant Archives, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.51470/plantarchives.2025.v25.no.1.130
Kaur, N. (2018). Climate Change: Causes, Health Effects, and Strategies. Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS), 12, 31. https://doi.org/10.51200/bjms.v12i.1376
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This article has undergone plagiarism screening and double-blind peer review. Editorial policies have been followed. Authors retain copyright under CC BY-NC 4.0 license. The research complies with ethical standards and institutional guidelines.
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