Microfinance and Self Help Groups (SHGs) have emerged as significant tools for achieving financial inclusion in India's rural and economically weaker sections. These institutions provide opportunities to save, access credit and insurance, and access to livelihoods and support the needs of women, small farmers, and low-income households who face constraints with traditional banking systems. The paper reviews the academic literature, policy documents and institutional reports to critically analyse the role of microfinance and SHGs in financial inclusion in the rural areas. It examines its impact on enhancing access to formal credit, formalising the relationship with informal moneylenders, augmenting the economic engagement of women and rural entrepreneurship. But, the advantages are limited to unequal regional distribution, insufficient financial knowledge, institutional weaknesses and potential for overborrowing. Research also suggests that credit access does not necessarily lead to significant increases in welfare of households. The paper finds that key elements of sustainable financial inclusion include low cost credit, robust group governance, financial education, digital access, and financial institutions' accountability. Thus, microfinance and SHGs must be seen beyond the framework of credit delivery, but rather as part of a greater rural development approach.