ASSESSMENT OF THE URBAN STORM WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM OF KAKINADA SMART CITY USING GIS AND EPA SWMM UNDER DESIGN STORM
AUTHORS:
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P. Mynar Babu
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Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering Kakinada(A), JNTUK, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Abstract
Rapid urbanization, encroachment on natural drainage channels and intense rainfall have made flooding a recurrent problem in Kakinada Smart City, a low-lying coastal city in Andhra Pradesh, India. This study evaluates the performance of the city's storm water drainage network and proposes modifications to reduce flooding. Intensity–Duration–Frequency (IDF) curves were derived from rainfall records distribution, and design storms were generated with the Alternating Block Method. The study area was delineated in ArcGIS into 29 catchments and 120 sub-catchments,out of that mainly consider 5subcatchments (Three Temple(Gudari Gunta), Dairy Farm Centre, Doodh Factory, KKD Port Station Back Side, and Subbaya Gari Street Culvert). Land use/Land cover (LULC) was classified by maximum likelihood classification, and curve numbers were computed for each sub-catchment. A dynamic-wave EPA SWMM model with tidal outfall boundary conditions was calibrated against observed water levels at five locations, giving Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) values of 0.856–0.949 and correlation coefficients (R) of 0.871–0.971. Simulation of the 2-years(2022&2023) and 5-years (2021-2025) design storms, with peak intensities of 53.27 and 78.81 mm/h, showed overtopping in most of the drains. After the drains were widened, without increasing their depth, the re-simulated network showed lower water levels and less surcharging at nearly all locations.
Keywords
urban storm water drainage systems urban flooding GIS SWMM IDF curves
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Double-Blind Peer Review
License:
CC BY-NC 4.0
Volume/Issue:
Volume 02, Issue 10
Review Rounds:
2
Article Type:
Research Article
Publication Date:
Oct 24 2026
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Chandu, B. S. (2026). Assessment of the Urban Storm Water Drainage System of Kakinada Smart City Using GIS and EPA SWMM under Design Storm. International Journal of Science, Strategic Management and Technology, 02(10), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsmt.v2i10.085
Chandu, Balireddy. "Assessment of the Urban Storm Water Drainage System of Kakinada Smart City Using GIS and EPA SWMM under Design Storm." International Journal of Science, Strategic Management and Technology, vol. 02, no. 10, 2026, pp. 1-9. doi:https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsmt.v2i10.085.
Chandu, Balireddy. "Assessment of the Urban Storm Water Drainage System of Kakinada Smart City Using GIS and EPA SWMM under Design Storm." International Journal of Science, Strategic Management and Technology 02, no. 10 (2026): 1-9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsmt.v2i10.085.
References
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[2] H. Rujner, G. Leonhardt, K. Flanagan, J. Marsalek, and M. Viklander, “Green infrastructure drainage of a commercial plaza without directly connected impervious areas: a case study,” Water Science & Technology, vol. 86, no. 11, pp. 2777–2793, 2022.
[3] N. B. Chang, J. W. Lu, T. F. M. Chui, and N. Hartshorn, “Global policy analysis of low impact development for stormwater management in urban regions,” Land Use Policy, vol. 70, pp. 368–383, 2018.
[4] Y. Yang and T. F. M. Chui, “Optimizing surface and contributing areas of bioretention cells for stormwater runoff quality and quantity management,” Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 206, pp. 1090–1103, 2018.
[5] B. Palanisamy and T. F. M. Chui, “Rehabilitation of concrete canals in urban catchments using low impact development techniques,” Journal of Hydrology, vol. 523, pp. 309–319, 2015.
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[7] M. Wang, Z. Jiang, R. M. A. Ikram, C. Sun, M. Zhang, and J. Li, “Global paradigm shifts in urban stormwater management optimization: A bibliometric analysis,” Water, vol. 15, no. 23, p. 4122, 2023.
[8] S. N. Hussain, H. M. Zwain, and B. K. Nile, “Modeling the effects of land-use and climate change on the performance of stormwater sewer system using SWMM simulation: case study,” Journal of Water and Climate Change, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 125–138, 2022.
[9] L. R. N. P. Rentachintala, M. M. Reddy, and P. K. Mohapatra, “Urban stormwater management for sustainable and resilient measures and practices: a review,” Water Science and Technology, vol. 85, no. 4, pp. 1120–1140, 2022.
[10] S. Kumar et al., “Impact of climate change on stormwater drainage in urban areas,” Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, pp. 1–20, 2022.
[2] H. Rujner, G. Leonhardt, K. Flanagan, J. Marsalek, and M. Viklander, “Green infrastructure drainage of a commercial plaza without directly connected impervious areas: a case study,” Water Science & Technology, vol. 86, no. 11, pp. 2777–2793, 2022.
[3] N. B. Chang, J. W. Lu, T. F. M. Chui, and N. Hartshorn, “Global policy analysis of low impact development for stormwater management in urban regions,” Land Use Policy, vol. 70, pp. 368–383, 2018.
[4] Y. Yang and T. F. M. Chui, “Optimizing surface and contributing areas of bioretention cells for stormwater runoff quality and quantity management,” Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 206, pp. 1090–1103, 2018.
[5] B. Palanisamy and T. F. M. Chui, “Rehabilitation of concrete canals in urban catchments using low impact development techniques,” Journal of Hydrology, vol. 523, pp. 309–319, 2015.
[6] S. V. Ighare and V. S. Pradhan, “Urbanization and its effect on storm water management,” in International Conference on Hydraulics, Water Resources and Coastal Engineering. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, Dec. 2023, pp. 545–561.
[7] M. Wang, Z. Jiang, R. M. A. Ikram, C. Sun, M. Zhang, and J. Li, “Global paradigm shifts in urban stormwater management optimization: A bibliometric analysis,” Water, vol. 15, no. 23, p. 4122, 2023.
[8] S. N. Hussain, H. M. Zwain, and B. K. Nile, “Modeling the effects of land-use and climate change on the performance of stormwater sewer system using SWMM simulation: case study,” Journal of Water and Climate Change, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 125–138, 2022.
[9] L. R. N. P. Rentachintala, M. M. Reddy, and P. K. Mohapatra, “Urban stormwater management for sustainable and resilient measures and practices: a review,” Water Science and Technology, vol. 85, no. 4, pp. 1120–1140, 2022.
[10] S. Kumar et al., “Impact of climate change on stormwater drainage in urban areas,” Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, pp. 1–20, 2022.
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