Biofloc Technology (BFT) has gained increasing attention as an intensive and resource-efficient aquaculture system capable of addressing the biological, environmental, and economic limitations of conventional pond culture [3,11]. Bihar, an inland state of eastern India, exhibits a persistent gap between fish demand and local production, resulting in substantial dependence on inter-state fish supply [14]. The present study provides an integrated assessment of biofloc-based fish production in Bihar by examining biological mechanisms, microeconomic farm-level performance, and macroeconomic implications at the regional scale. Primary data were collected from 30 operational biofloc units across Patna, Nalanda, Vaishali, and Samastipur districts, supported by secondary information from government reports and peer-reviewed literature. Results indicate consistently low feed conversion ratios (1.10–1.20), moderate mortality rates (6–8%), and higher yield per unit area compared to traditional pond systems [17,30]. Although feed remained the dominant operational cost, microbial protein availability reduced reliance on formulated feed and improved profitability [2,23]. At the macroeconomic level, biofloc adoption contributed to employment generation, stabilization of local fish markets, and gradual reduction in dependence on inter-state imports [19]. The study concludes that biofloc technology represents a biologically efficient, economically viable, and scalable aquaculture model for inland regions with limited land and water resources.