SUSHRUTA AND DEVELOPMENT OF ANCIENT INDIAN SURGERY
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Sushruta, known as the “Father of Surgery,” was a pioneering figure in ancient Indian medicine whose contributions have influenced the field of surgery, especially cosmetic surgery and medical practices within the global community. His systematized approach to surgery, with the use of herbal anaesthetics and postoperative care, laid the foundation for surgical practices. Sushruta’s emphasis on practical experience, dissection of cadavers, and detailed documentation established standards that continue to underpin surgical education today. The influence of his detailing surgical techniques and surgical instruments extended beyond ancient India, spreading to other parts of the world and shaping the development of reconstructive surgery, orthopedics, ophthalmology, and many more fields. His work Sushruta Samhita is one of the oldest surgical texts, compiled around 600 BCE or earlier, including detailed anatomy via cadaver dissection, over 300 surgical procedures, 121 surgical instruments, herbal anesthesia, wound care, and ethical/practical training methods. These predated many Western advances and influenced global medicine.
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Ahmad, A. (2026). Sushruta and Development of Ancient Indian Surgery. International Journal of Science, Strategic Management and Technology, 02(03). https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsmt.v2i3.392
Ahmad, Aijaz. "Sushruta and Development of Ancient Indian Surgery." International Journal of Science, Strategic Management and Technology, vol. 02, no. 03, 2026, pp. . doi:https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsmt.v2i3.392.
Ahmad, Aijaz. "Sushruta and Development of Ancient Indian Surgery." International Journal of Science, Strategic Management and Technology 02, no. 03 (2026). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsmt.v2i3.392.
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2.Veda contains many of the oldest superstitions of the Indo-Dravidian masses. The ancient evidence of medicine in India is a story recounted in the Vedas. According to that story, once upon a time, several epidemics struck the earth. Concerned, all the sages convened a meeting in the foothills of the Himalayas. Bharadwaj was unanimously chosen as the leader and sent to Indra, the king of medical knowledge, to seek relief from the diseases. Indra imparted all the knowledge of Ayurveda to Sage Bharadwaj. Bharadwaj imparted this knowledge acquired from Indra to his disciple Punarvasu Atreya. Atreya, along with his six disciples, researched medical knowledge. Maharishi Agnivesh was the most prominent among these disciples. In this way, medical knowledge continued to grow on earth. (Bhagwat Singh (1896). A Short History of Aryan Medical Science, New York, pp. 30-32)
3.Bhagwat Singh, cit., p. 25.
4.In the Rigveda we read of the amputations of legs and the fitting with artificial limbs, enucleation of eyes, and extraction of arrow shafts from the limbs of the wounded. We read of the famous surgeons to the gods, the Asvini Kumaras. Dhanvantari recites an incident which occurred in one of the wars of the gods. Rudra cut off the head of Daksha. Then the gods called on the twins to repair the damage and they successfully united the head to the trunk and restored Daksha to life. (P. Kutumbiah (1962). Ancient Indian Medicine, Calcutta, p. 144.
5.Kutumbiah, cit., p. 144.
6.Ibid, p. 145.
7.Bhagwat Singh, cit., pp. 33-34.; Kutumbiah, op. cit., p. 171.
8.Kutumbiah, cit., pp. 168-69.
9.Ibid, p. 144.
10.Ibid, p. 156.
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