The concept of woman as “the Other,” as articulated by Simone de Beauvoir, has remained central to feminist discourse across cultures. In Indian feminist literature, this notion acquires deeper socio-cultural complexity due to the intersection of patriarchy, tradition, caste, class, and colonial legacy. Women have historically been positioned as secondary beings, defined not by their own subjectivity but by their relation to men. This paper examined how Indian feminist literature portrayed the subjugation of women and their struggle for identity formation within a patriarchal framework. By analyzing feminist theoretical perspectives and literary representations, the study explored how women writers exposed oppression, challenged gender hierarchies, and reconstructed female identity. The paper argued that Indian feminist literature functioned as a powerful site of resistance where women renegotiated their position from silence to selfhood. Through an exploration of themes such as marginalization, silence, body politics, and agency, this study highlighted how literature served as both a critique of patriarchy and a medium for women’s self-definition.