Quantum computing is an advanced computational paradigm that leverages principles of quantum mechanics, including superposition, entanglement, and interference, to process information more efficiently than classical systems [1][2]. Unlike classical bits, qubits can exist in multiple states simultaneously, enabling exponential computational capabilities for complex problem-solving. Since its theoretical foundations proposed by Richard Feynman and further developed by David Deutsch, quantum computing has progressed into an active research and industrial domain [2][3]. This paper presents an overview of the core concepts of quantum computation, technological evolution, and key algorithms such as Shor’s and Grover’s, which demonstrate significant computational advantages [9][10]. It also explores major application areas including cryptography, healthcare, artificial intelligence, and optimization, while addressing critical challenges such as decoherence, error correction, and scalability [5][6]. The study highlights future prospects, emphasizing the potential of quantum computing to transform scientific and industrial domains [12][15].