The IoT-Based Smart Irrigation System is an advanced agricultural automation solution designed to improve water efficiency and reduce human effort in irrigation practices. With increasing water scarcity and the growing need for sustainable farming, this system offers an intelligent approach by utilizing real-time soil and environmental data. It helps in optimizing water usage, ensuring that crops receive the right amount of water at the right time, thereby enhancing productivity and conserving valuable resources.

The system is built around the NodeMCU (ESP8266) microcontroller, which acts as the central processing and communication unit. A soil moisture sensor continuously monitors the moisture level in the soil and sends data to the controller. Based on predefined threshold values, the NodeMCU automatically controls a water pump through a relay module. When the soil becomes dry, the system turns the pump ON, and when sufficient moisture is detected, it turns the pump OFF, preventing over-irrigation. Additionally, a DHT11 sensor is used to measure temperature and humidity, providing a better understanding of environmental conditions.