AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING SYSTEM BY USING ESP 32
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The primary objective of modern urban infrastructure is to enhance efficiency and minimize human error through seamless automation. The concept of "Intelligent Parking" is driven by rapid advancements in the Internet of Things (IoT) and real-time data processing. In this context, Microcontroller-based sensing technology plays a vital role, acting as the interface between physical vehicle movement and digital management systems. By utilizing the ESP32 microcontroller, this project provides a robust, hands-free solution for parking management that eliminates the need for manual oversight. Unlike traditional parking methods, this system employs ultrasonic sensors and infrared modules to detect slot availability in real-time, regardless of lighting conditions or human visibility.
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Kuchekar, A., Saware, P. & Sawant, M. (2026). Automatic Car Parking System by using ESP 32. International Journal of Science, Strategic Management and Technology, 02(04). https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsmt.v2i4.041
Kuchekar, Aryan, et al.. "Automatic Car Parking System by using ESP 32." International Journal of Science, Strategic Management and Technology, vol. 02, no. 04, 2026, pp. . doi:https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsmt.v2i4.041.
Kuchekar, Aryan,Pravin Saware, and Mahesh Sawant. "Automatic Car Parking System by using ESP 32." International Journal of Science, Strategic Management and Technology 02, no. 04 (2026). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsmt.v2i4.041.
References
2.These are useful for citing the "Smart City" and "IoT" aspects of your project.
3.MDPI Electronics (2020): “IoT Based Smart Parking System Using Deep Long Short Memory Network.” This paper discusses the importance of real-time slot detection in reducing urban traffic
4.ResearchGate (2025/Ongoing): “Design of Smart Parking System Using Ultrasonic Sensor to Optimize Parking Lots.” Focuses specifically on using the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor with the ESP32 for vehicle detection and sensitivity
5.World Journal of Advanced Research (2020): “IoT-Enabled Parking Space Detection Using Ultrasonic ” Explains the "Time of Flight" formula:
6.$Distance = \frac{Echo\ Time \times 0.034}{2}$, which is the core logic used in your getDistance() function.
7.Technical Component References
8.These cite the specific hardware datasheets and library documentation.
9.Espressif Systems: “ESP32 Technical Reference ” The official documentation for the ESP32 microcontroller, detailing GPIO pin capabilities and power management.
10.LiquidCrystal_I2C Library: Documentation for the Wire.h and LiquidCrystal_I2C.h libraries used to control the 16x2 LCD via the $I^2C$ protocol.
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