RESILIENCE IN ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW OF ITS CONCEPTUALIZATION, MEASUREMENT, AND DEVELOPMENT ACROSS LEVELS OF ANALYSIS
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Abstract
Resilience may be the most heavily used construct in organizational psychology at the moment, and the popularity itself has created problems. The concept came into the field from developmental and clinical research, arrived with old definitional disputes unsettled, and has since split into separate literatures at the individual, team, and organizational levels. This review draws those literatures together around three questions: what resilience means at work, how it gets measured, and whether anything can be done to build it. Individual resilience is treated variously as a stable trait, as a developable state within psychological capital, and as a set of work-specific behaviors. Team resilience is modeled as an emergent capacity grounded in shared resources and coordination. Organizational resilience is a capability covering anticipation, coping, and later adaptation. The same weaknesses appear at every level. Adversity, which is what gives the concept meaning, often goes undocumented. Instruments frequently mismatch the level of analysis. Cross-sectional single-source surveys dominate the evidence base. Training studies show resilience can be raised, though the gains are small and short-lived without reinforcement. I argue the field needs discipline more than novelty: clearer definitions, designs anchored in real adversity, and measures that fit the level they claim to describe.
Keywords
resilience employee resilience psychological capital team resilience organizational resilience positive organizational behavior
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Double-Blind Peer Review
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CC BY-NC 4.0
Volume/Issue:
Volume 02, Issue 7
Review Rounds:
2
Article Type:
Research Article
Publication Date:
Jul 21 2026
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Mehru, I. (2026). Resilience in Organizational Psychology: An Integrative Review of Its Conceptualization, Measurement, and Development Across Levels of Analysis. International Journal of Science, Strategic Management and Technology, 02(7), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsmt.v2i7.090
Mehru, Inderjeet. "Resilience in Organizational Psychology: An Integrative Review of Its Conceptualization, Measurement, and Development Across Levels of Analysis." International Journal of Science, Strategic Management and Technology, vol. 02, no. 7, 2026, pp. 1-9. doi:https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsmt.v2i7.090.
Mehru, Inderjeet. "Resilience in Organizational Psychology: An Integrative Review of Its Conceptualization, Measurement, and Development Across Levels of Analysis." International Journal of Science, Strategic Management and Technology 02, no. 7 (2026): 1-9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsmt.v2i7.090.
References
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Britt, T. W., Shen, W., Sinclair, R. R., Grossman, M. R., & Klieger, D. M. (2016). How much do we really know about employee resilience? Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 9(2), 378–404. https://doi.org/10.1017/iop.2015.107
Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. T. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113
Duchek, S. (2020). Organizational resilience: A capability-based conceptualization. Business Research, 13(1), 215–246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40685-019-0085-7
Hartmann, S., Weiss, M., Newman, A., & Hoegl, M. (2020). Resilience in the workplace: A multilevel review and synthesis. Applied Psychology, 69(3), 913–959. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12191
Hartwig, A., Clarke, S., Johnson, S., & Willis, S. (2020). Workplace team resilience: A systematic review and conceptual development. Organizational Psychology Review, 10(3–4), 169–200. https://doi.org/10.1177/2041386620919476
Kuntz, J. R. C., Näswall, K., & Malinen, S. (2016). Resilient employees in resilient organizations: Flourishing beyond adversity. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 9(2), 456–462. https://doi.org/10.1017/iop.2016.39
Kunzler, A. M., Helmreich, I., König, J., Chmitorz, A., Wessa, M., Binder, H., & Lieb, K. (2020). Psychological interventions to foster resilience in healthcare professionals. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2020(7), CD012527. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012527.pub2
Luthans, F. (2002). The need for and meaning of positive organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(6), 695–706. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.165
Britt, T. W., Shen, W., Sinclair, R. R., Grossman, M. R., & Klieger, D. M. (2016). How much do we really know about employee resilience? Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 9(2), 378–404. https://doi.org/10.1017/iop.2015.107
Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. T. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113
Duchek, S. (2020). Organizational resilience: A capability-based conceptualization. Business Research, 13(1), 215–246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40685-019-0085-7
Hartmann, S., Weiss, M., Newman, A., & Hoegl, M. (2020). Resilience in the workplace: A multilevel review and synthesis. Applied Psychology, 69(3), 913–959. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12191
Hartwig, A., Clarke, S., Johnson, S., & Willis, S. (2020). Workplace team resilience: A systematic review and conceptual development. Organizational Psychology Review, 10(3–4), 169–200. https://doi.org/10.1177/2041386620919476
Kuntz, J. R. C., Näswall, K., & Malinen, S. (2016). Resilient employees in resilient organizations: Flourishing beyond adversity. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 9(2), 456–462. https://doi.org/10.1017/iop.2016.39
Kunzler, A. M., Helmreich, I., König, J., Chmitorz, A., Wessa, M., Binder, H., & Lieb, K. (2020). Psychological interventions to foster resilience in healthcare professionals. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2020(7), CD012527. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012527.pub2
Luthans, F. (2002). The need for and meaning of positive organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(6), 695–706. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.165
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