Soil quality is a fundamental determinant of agricultural productivity, environmental sustainability, and ecosystem health. In an agriculturally important district such as Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, soil characteristics have undergone significant changes due to intensive cultivation, excessive fertilizer application, irrigation practices, urban expansion, and changing climatic conditions. Continuous monitoring of soil quality is therefore essential for maintaining crop productivity and ensuring sustainable land management. The present study comparatively evaluates the soil quality dynamics of selected agricultural regions of Saharanpur District by examining important physicochemical parameters, including soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC), available nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), and available potassium (K). The study primarily relies on comparative analysis of published scientific literature, government soil health records, and regional agricultural reports to assess spatial variations in soil fertility.

The comparative assessment indicates that the district exhibits considerable variability in soil properties due to differences in land use, irrigation intensity, cropping patterns, and management practices. While several regions maintain moderate to high fertility owing to fertile alluvial deposits, continuous cultivation without balanced nutrient replenishment has resulted in declining organic carbon content and nutrient imbalances in many agricultural fields. The study also identifies localized increases in soil salinity and alkalinity associated with irrigation practices and improper drainage. Comparison with previous studies demonstrates a gradual decline in soil health indicators over the past decade, highlighting the necessity for improved soil conservation strategies.

The study contributes valuable scientific information for researchers, agricultural planners, and policymakers working towards sustainable soil resource management.