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International Journal of Science, Strategic Management and Technology

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MANOHASTHA: A BCI-DRIVEN EXTENDABLE ROBOTIC ARM

AUTHORS:
Devireddy Lohith Reddy
Uday Kammar
Ashok V Marathi
Deepika C R
Mentor
Dr. Shamala N
Affiliation
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Vidya Vikas Institute of Engineering and Technology Mysuru, Karnataka India
CC BY 4.0 License:
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract

Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) technology has emerged as a transformative approach for enabling direct communication between human cognition and robotic systems, particularly in rehabilitation and hazardous-environment applications. This paper presents ManoHastha, a low cost, non-invasive BCI-driven extendable robotic arm designed to convert neural intent into mechanical actuationusing Electroencephalography   (EEG)and Electrooculography (EOG) signals. The proposed system integrates a BioAmp EXG Pill for bio-signal acquisition, an Arduino Nano for signal conditioning and analog to digital conversion, and an ESP32 microcontroller for wireless communication and robotic control. The robotic manipulator operates based on voluntary eye blinks and sustained attention levels, allowing users  to  perform  reach-and-grab  operations


without physical interaction. A hybrid processing architecture was implemented to reduce latency and improve operational reliability. Experimental evaluation demonstrated accurate detection of intentional blink patterns and stable attention- based control with an overall response latency of approximately 125 ms, ensuring near real-time performance. The complete system was developed with a total hardware cost below₹10,000, making advanced neuro-robotic technology more accessible for educational, assistive, and industrial safety applications. The results confirm that ManoHastha provides a reliable and affordable framework for practical BCI-enabled robotic manipulation

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Reddy, D. L., Kammar, U., Marathi, A. V. & R, D. C. (2026). Manohastha: A BCI-Driven Extendable Robotic Arm. International Journal of Science, Strategic Management and Technology, 02(05). https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsmt.v2i5.366

Reddy, Devireddy, et al.. "Manohastha: A BCI-Driven Extendable Robotic Arm." International Journal of Science, Strategic Management and Technology, vol. 02, no. 05, 2026, pp. . doi:https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsmt.v2i5.366.

Reddy, Devireddy,Uday Kammar,Ashok Marathi, and Deepika R. "Manohastha: A BCI-Driven Extendable Robotic Arm." International Journal of Science, Strategic Management and Technology 02, no. 05 (2026). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsmt.v2i5.366.

References
1.R. Wolpaw, N. Birbaumer, D. J. McFarland, G. Pfurtscheller, and T. M. Vaughan, “Brain- computer interfaces for communication and control,” Clinical Neurophysiology, vol. 113, no. 6,767–791, 2002.

2.Sanei and J. A. Chambers, EEG Signal Processing. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley- Interscience, 2007.

3.F. Nicolas-Alonso and J. Gomez-Gil, “Brain computer interfaces, a review,” Sensors, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 1211–1279, 2012.

4.Bashashati, M. Fatourechi, R. K. Ward, andE. Birch, “A survey of signal processing algorithms in brain-computer interfaces based on electrical brain signals,” Journal of Neural Engineering, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. R32–R57, 2007.

5.A. Lebedev and M. A. Nicolelis, “Brain- machine interfaces: Past, present and future,” Trends in Neurosciences, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 536–

546, 2006.

6.BioAmp EXG Pill Documentation, Upside Down Labs.[Online].Available: https://docs.upsidedownlabs.tech/hardware/bi oamp/bioamp-exg-pill/index.html

7.Espressif Systems, “ESP32-WROOM-32 Technical Reference Manual,” [Online].Available: https://www.espressif.com/

8.Arduino, “Arduino Nano Documentation,” Arduino Official Documentation, [Online]. Available: https://docs.arduino.cc/hardware/nano/

9.SparkFun Electronics, “Bi-Directional Logic Level Converter Hookup Guide,” [Online]. Available: https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/bi- directional-logic-level-converter-hookup-guide STMicroelectronics, “L7805 Voltage Regulator Datasheet,” 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/l7 8
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This article has undergone plagiarism screening and double-blind peer review. Editorial policies have been followed. Authors retain copyright under CC BY-NC 4.0 license. The research complies with ethical standards and institutional guidelines.
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