STRUCTURAL AND ELECTRICAL INTEGRATION OF DYNAMIC INDUCTIVE CHARGING PADS INTO ASPHALT PAVEMENTS
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Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering
Jagannath University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Jagannath University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Abstract
Dynamic inductive charging can transfer traction energy to electric vehicles while they move, but a roadway installation succeeds only when the electromagnetic system and the pavement are designed as one asset. This paper develops an integrated design and assessment framework for segmented transmitter pads embedded in asphalt pavement. Published results from full-scale accelerated pavement testing, a 230 kW Purdue and Indiana Department of Transportation pilot program, Utah State University embedment studies, Rutgers electromagnetic pavement simulations, Oak Ridge National Laboratory high-power experiments, and the Detroit public wireless roadway are synthesized. A transparent analytical case then evaluates a 200 kW, 85 kHz lane using energy, efficiency, thermal, interface-strain, drainage, maintainability, and safety criteria. At the 91.31% efficiency reported for an ORNL 120 kW experiment, a 1 km active lane transfers about 3.65, 2.19, and 1.56 kWh to a vehicle traveling at 50, 83, and 117 km/h, respectively. The analysis identifies the asphalt-to-module interface, water management, lateral alignment, and heat rejection as the controlling integration details. The proposed design uses a sealed replaceable carrier, a minimum practical asphalt cover selected by mechanistic analysis, staged coil activation, distributed sensing, and acceptance tests that combine pavement response with electrical performance. The result is a reproducible method for moving from a laboratory coupler to a maintainable road segment without overstating the available field evidence.
Index Terms—asphalt pavement, dynamic wireless power transfer, electric road system, inductive charging, pavement instrumentation, structural integration, thermal management, wireless electric vehicle charging.
Index Terms—asphalt pavement, dynamic wireless power transfer, electric road system, inductive charging, pavement instrumentation, structural integration, thermal management, wireless electric vehicle charging.
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Double-Blind Peer Review
License:
CC BY-NC 4.0
Volume/Issue:
Volume 02, Issue 10
Review Rounds:
2
Article Type:
Research Article
Publication Date:
Oct 12 2026
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AGRAWAL, H. K. (2026). Structural and Electrical Integration of Dynamic Inductive Charging Pads into Asphalt Pavements. International Journal of Science, Strategic Management and Technology, 02(10), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsmt.v2i10.016
AGRAWAL, HEMANT. "Structural and Electrical Integration of Dynamic Inductive Charging Pads into Asphalt Pavements." International Journal of Science, Strategic Management and Technology, vol. 02, no. 10, 2026, pp. 1-9. doi:https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsmt.v2i10.016.
AGRAWAL, HEMANT. "Structural and Electrical Integration of Dynamic Inductive Charging Pads into Asphalt Pavements." International Journal of Science, Strategic Management and Technology 02, no. 10 (2026): 1-9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsmt.v2i10.016.
References
[1] O. A. Moncada, Z. Imran, C. Vickers, K. Gkritza, S. Pekarek, D. Aliprantis, A. Brovont, B. Jahangiri, and J. E. Haddock, “Full-scale dynamic wireless power transfer and pilot project implementation,” Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN, USA, Rep. FHWA/IN/JTRP-2024/11, 2024, doi: 10.5703/1288284317744.
[2] M. W. Halling and T. Gardner, “Infrastructure issues related to in-motion wireless power transfer,” Utah State Univ., Logan, UT, USA, Rep. CAIT-UTC-NC30, 2017.
[3] H. Wang et al., “Durable and electrified pavement for dynamic wireless charging of electric vehicles,” Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation, Rutgers Univ., Rep. CAIT-UTC-REG 30, Aug. 2022.
[4] L. Xue et al., “Design and analysis of a 200 kW dynamic wireless charging system for electric vehicles,” in Proc. IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conf. Expo., 2022, pp. 1096–1103, doi: 10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773670.
[5] Michigan Department of Transportation, “Wireless charging roadway,” 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.michigan.gov/mdot/travel/mobility/initiatives/wireless-charging-roadway. Accessed: Sep. 22, 2026.
[6] Oak Ridge National Laboratory, “ORNL demonstrates 120-kilowatt wireless charging for vehicles,” Oct. 19, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.ornl.gov/news/ornl-demonstrates-120-kilowatt-wireless-charging-vehicles.
[7] Wireless Power Transfer for Light-Duty Plug-in/Electric Vehicles and Alignment Methodology, SAE Standard J2954, 2024.
[8] Wireless Power Transfer for Heavy-Duty Electric Vehicles, SAE Information Report J2954/2, Dec. 2022.
[9] O. A. Moncada, P. Orosa, J. Li, and J. E. Haddock, “Full-scale testing of flexible pavement with embedded dynamic wireless power transfer components,” Int. J. Pavement Eng., vol. 27, no. 1, Art. no. 2604702, 2026, doi: 10.1080/10298436.2025.2604702.
[10] H. Cruz, O. A. Moncada, B. Jahangiri, C. Tirado, S. Nazarian, and J. E. Haddock, “Analyzing the mechanical response of a calibrated finite element model for flexible pavement with embedded dynamic wireless power transfer technology,” Transp. Res. Rec., vol. 2678, no. 11, pp. 405–415, 2024, doi: 10.1177/03611981241242077.
[2] M. W. Halling and T. Gardner, “Infrastructure issues related to in-motion wireless power transfer,” Utah State Univ., Logan, UT, USA, Rep. CAIT-UTC-NC30, 2017.
[3] H. Wang et al., “Durable and electrified pavement for dynamic wireless charging of electric vehicles,” Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation, Rutgers Univ., Rep. CAIT-UTC-REG 30, Aug. 2022.
[4] L. Xue et al., “Design and analysis of a 200 kW dynamic wireless charging system for electric vehicles,” in Proc. IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conf. Expo., 2022, pp. 1096–1103, doi: 10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773670.
[5] Michigan Department of Transportation, “Wireless charging roadway,” 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.michigan.gov/mdot/travel/mobility/initiatives/wireless-charging-roadway. Accessed: Sep. 22, 2026.
[6] Oak Ridge National Laboratory, “ORNL demonstrates 120-kilowatt wireless charging for vehicles,” Oct. 19, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.ornl.gov/news/ornl-demonstrates-120-kilowatt-wireless-charging-vehicles.
[7] Wireless Power Transfer for Light-Duty Plug-in/Electric Vehicles and Alignment Methodology, SAE Standard J2954, 2024.
[8] Wireless Power Transfer for Heavy-Duty Electric Vehicles, SAE Information Report J2954/2, Dec. 2022.
[9] O. A. Moncada, P. Orosa, J. Li, and J. E. Haddock, “Full-scale testing of flexible pavement with embedded dynamic wireless power transfer components,” Int. J. Pavement Eng., vol. 27, no. 1, Art. no. 2604702, 2026, doi: 10.1080/10298436.2025.2604702.
[10] H. Cruz, O. A. Moncada, B. Jahangiri, C. Tirado, S. Nazarian, and J. E. Haddock, “Analyzing the mechanical response of a calibrated finite element model for flexible pavement with embedded dynamic wireless power transfer technology,” Transp. Res. Rec., vol. 2678, no. 11, pp. 405–415, 2024, doi: 10.1177/03611981241242077.
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