The swift advancement of digital technologies has revolutionized how people communicate, learn, interact, and obtain information. Children, in particular, have become active participants in the digital world through social media, online gaming, educational technology, streaming services, and AI-based tools. In India, the recognition of privacy as a fundamental right in the case of Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India established the constitutional basis for data protection laws. In response to increasing concerns about digital privacy, the Parliament passed the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDP Act), marking India's first comprehensive legislation on digital personal data. The Act includes specific protections for children by requiring verifiable parental consent and banning tracking, behavioral monitoring, and targeted advertising aimed at minors. This Article critically explores the legal framework for protecting children's personal data under the DPDP Act, 2023. The study examines the constitutional foundation of privacy, the development of data protection laws, and the child-specific provisions in the Act. It also assesses the effectiveness of the current framework by identifying practical challenges such as age verification issues, implementation obstacles, lack of digital literacy, regulatory ambiguities, and enforcement concerns. The research further conducts a comparative analysis of international frameworks like the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA).